左旋麩醯胺酸 (L-glutamine)是人體內含量最豐富的胺基酸，是體內細胞「燃料」的主要提供者，為傷口組織修復和維持重要器官功能所必需的材料。可運用於化療、放療等癌症治療併發症、惡病質、口腔與消化道的黏膜損傷、黏膜炎、腸炎、胃潰瘍、短腸症、腸漏症，維持免疫功能、預防體重急遽下降。
一、癌症營養補充麩醯胺酸
1. 麩醯胺酸癌症及其治療方法
Klimberg VS, McClellan JL. Claude H. Organ, Jr. Honorary Lectureship. Glutamine, cancer, and its therapy. Am J Surg. 1996 Nov;172(5):418-24. [文獻連結]
2. 麩醯胺酸是腫瘤學中不可缺少的營養素
Kuhn KS, Muscaritoli M, Wischmeyer P, Stehle P. Glutamine as indispensable nutrient in oncology: experimental and clinical evidence. Eur J Nutr. 2010 Jun;49(4):197-210.
3. 麩醯胺酸增強免疫功能，對腫瘤生長的調節作用
Fahr MJ et al., Harry M. Vars Research Award. Glutamine enhances immunoregulation of tumor growth. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Nov-Dec;18(6):471-6. [文獻連結]
4. 補充左旋麩醯胺酸抑制腫瘤生長、癌症誘導的惡病質，並有助腸黏膜的細胞增殖
Martins HA et al., Supplementation with L-glutamine prevents tumor growth and cancer-induced cachexia as well as restores cell proliferation of intestinal mucosa of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Amino Acids. 2016 Dec;48(12):2773-2784. [文獻連結]
5. 麩醯胺酸對結直腸癌、結腸癌治療併發症的影響
Jolfaie NR, Mirzaie S, Ghiasvand R, Askari G, Miraghajani M. The effect of glutamine intake on complications of colorectal and colon cancer treatment: A systematic review. J Res Med Sci. 2015 Sep;20(9):910-8. [文獻連結]
6. 張桂芳、林麗真。異化狀態之麩醯氨補充。藥學雜誌。2001;66:71-74。[文獻連結]
7. 林秀雯(2013)。麩醯胺酸在頭頸癌放射線性口腔黏膜炎的應用。癌症新探，64期。[文獻連結]
二、麩醯胺酸改善放療化療導致的周邊神經病變
1. 麩醯胺酸對神經突觸GABA釋放的調節
Liang SL, Carlson GC, Coulter DA. Dynamic regulation of synaptic GABA release by the glutamate-glutamine cycle in hippocampal area CA1. J Neurosci. 2006 Aug 16;26(33):8537-48. [文獻連結]
2. 孫婉娜、蘇靖幃、申子蘋、許心恬（2018）。運用實證探討口服麩醯胺對癌症病人接受化學治療引起的周邊神經病變之成效。護理雜誌，65(1)，61-69。 [文獻連結]
3. 口服麩醯胺酸用於預防化療引起的周圍神經病變
Amara S. Oral glutamine for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Oct;42(10):1481-5. [文獻連結]
4. 麩醯胺酸減少紫杉醇誘導的周圍神經病變
Vahdat L et al., Reduction of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy with glutamine. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 May;7(5):1192-7. [文獻連結]
三、麩醯胺酸與腸道黏膜健康
1. 林秀真、尹文耀(民97)。麩醯氨對維持腸黏膜的影響。台灣靜脈暨腸道營養醫學會會訊。第六十期。 [文獻連結]
2. 口服麩醯胺酸預防癌症治療相關性黏膜炎
Sayles, C et al., Oral Glutamine in Preventing Treatment‐Related Mucositis in Adult Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Apr;31(2):171-9. [文獻連結]
3. 麩醯胺酸對幽門螺桿菌引起的胃病的預防作用
Amagase K et al., New frontiers in gut nutrient sensor research: prophylactic effect of glutamine against Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric diseases in Mongolian gerbils. J Pharmacol Sci. 2010;112(1):25-32. [文獻連結]
4. 早期腸內營養和補充麩醯胺酸，預防嚴重熱損傷後壓力性潰瘍
Yan R, Sun Y, Sun R. [Early enteral feeding and supplement of glutamine prevent occurrence of stress ulcer following severe thermal injury].[Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1995 May;11(3):189-92. [文獻連結]
5. 乙酰水楊酸和左旋麩醯胺酸，對慢性胃潰瘍癒合的影響
Okabe S, Takeuchi K, Honda K, Takagi K. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ASA plus L-glutamine and L-glutamine on healing of chronic gastric ulcer in the rat. Digestion. 1976;14(1):85-8.
6. 麩醯胺酸和腸道通透性的調節
Achamrah N, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Glutamine and the regulation of intestinal permeability: from bench to bedside. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017 Jan;20(1):86-91. [文獻連結]
7. 麩醯胺酸對危重病人腸道通透性和全身感染的影響
De-Souza DA, Greene LJ. Intestinal permeability and systemic infections in critically ill patients: effect of glutamine. Crit Care Med. 2005 May;33(5):1125-35. [文獻連結]
8. 腸道屏障功能和體重增加的營養不良兒童，服用麩醯胺酸補充腸內配方
Lima AA et al., Intestinal barrier function and weight gain in malnourished children taking glutamine supplemented enteral formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Jan;40(1):28-35. [文獻連結]
9. 極低出生體重兒童使用富含麩醯胺酸的腸內營養：對出生後第一年的過敏性和傳染性疾病的影響
van den Berg A et al., Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very low-birth-weight infants: effect on the incidence of allergic and infectious diseases in the first year of life. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Nov;161(11):1095-101. [文獻連結]
10. 麩醯胺酸補充劑對傳染性腸躁症的影響
Zhou Q et al., Randomised placebo-controlled trial of dietary glutamine supplements for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2018 Aug 14. pii: gutjnl-2017-315136. [文獻連結]
11. 生長激素、麩醯胺酸，有助短腸綜合徵患者康復治療的適應症
Wilmore DW. Indications for specific therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with the short-bowel syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 Dec;17(6):895-906. [文獻連結]
12. 短腸綜合徵患者的新療法：生長激素、麩醯胺酸和改良飲食
Byrne TA et al., A new treatment for patients with short-bowel syndrome. Growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet. Ann Surg. 1995 Sep;222(3):243-54; discussion 254-5. [文獻連結]
四、麩醯胺酸運動健身補充、免疫功能
1. 麩醯胺酸：對運動員來說可能是有用的補充劑
Antonio J, Street C. Glutamine: a potentially useful supplement for athletes. Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Feb;24(1):1-14. [文獻連結]
2. 口服左旋麩醯胺酸對肌肉力量恢復和酸痛的影響
Legault Z, Bagnall N, Kimmerly DS. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Oct;25(5):417-26. [文獻連結]
3. 高強度間歇性運動，對血漿麩醯胺酸濃度的影響
Walsh NP et al., The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on the plasma concentrations of glutamine and organic acids. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Apr;77(5):434-8. [文獻連結]
4. 麩醯胺酸對競爭性持續運動後，免疫細胞活性的影響
Rohde T et al., Competitive sustained exercise in humans, lymphokine activated killer cell activity, and glutamine–an intervention study. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1998 Oct;78(5):448-53. [文獻連結]
5. 麩醯胺酸是否有助於減少運動員的感染？
Castell LM, Poortmans JR, Newsholme EA. Does glutamine have a role in reducing infections in athletes? Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;73(5):488-90. [文獻連結]
6. 麩醯胺酸在運動補充、免疫抑制的作用
Castell L. Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo, in exercise and in immunodepression. Sports Med. 2003;33(5):323-45. [文獻連結]
7. 麩醯胺酸補充對運動表現，身體成分和免疫功能的影響
Ramezani Ahmadi A1, Rayyani E2, Bahreini M3, Mansoori A4. The effect of glutamine supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, and immune function: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Clin Nutr. 2018 May 9. pii: S0261-5614(18)30173-0. [文獻連結]
